Plate VIII

The Full Citation Order

Every source cited on this site, set in numbered order — primary literature, regulatory record, and the recent translational reviews.

Back to the literature Editorial note
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Plate VIII Reverse-printed broadside plate of abstract bound-volume spines with fire-orange accents on a cream ledger band over dark canvas
No. 01

How the list is ordered

The order below mirrors the order in which the items are cited across the site. Foundational pharmacology comes first (Raun 1998, Gobburu 1999), followed by the rodent bone and motility studies, then the human Phase 2 trial, then the mechanism reviews, then the recent regulatory record and the 2025 scoping review. Every entry carries — where one exists — a digital object identifier and a direct link to PubMed, PubMed Central, the journal's article page, or the original regulatory source.

No. 02

Primary literature

The studies that produced the foundational data on ipamorelin are listed in the references_index in numerical order. Each entry includes the journal citation, the digital object identifier where available, and the canonical link to the published source. Inline references throughout the site use the bracketed numeral form [N] matching the index.

No. 03

Regulatory and analytical sources

The 2024 United States Food and Drug Administration Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting materials and the September 2024 Federal Register action on Category 2 of the interim 503A bulks list are listed alongside the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List entry and the related anti-doping analytical-chemistry literature. These are the regulatory and detection-method sources that inform the No. VI section of the broadside.

No. 04 — Numbered Index

The Full Order

  1. [01]
    Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thogersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. European Journal of Endocrinology. 1998;139(5):552-561.
    doi:10.1530/eje.0.1390552 · PMID: 9849822 · source ↗
  2. [02]
    Gobburu JV, Agerso H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharmaceutical Research. 1999;16(9):1412-1416.
    doi:10.1023/A:1018955126402 · source ↗
  3. [03]
    Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 1999;9(2):106-113.
    doi:10.1054/ghir.1999.9998 · PMID: 10373343 · source ↗
  4. [04]
    Svensson J, Lall S, Dickson SL, Bengtsson BA, Romer J, Ahnfelt-Ronne I, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO. The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats. Journal of Endocrinology. 2000;165(3):569-577.
    doi:10.1677/joe.0.1650569 · PMID: 10828840 · source ↗
  5. [05]
    Svensson J, Lall S, Dickson SL, Bengtsson BA, Romer J, Ahnfelt-Ronne I, Thorngren KG, Ohlsson C, Isaksson OG, Jansson JO. The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult rats. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2001;11(3):153-160.
    doi:10.1054/ghir.2001.0203 · PMID: 11735232 · source ↗
  6. [06]
    Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Tyler K, Mohammadi E, Pietra C. Efficacy of ipamorelin, a ghrelin mimetic, on gastric dysmotility in a rodent model of postoperative ileus. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology. 2012;4:149-155.
    doi:10.2147/JEP.S35396 · PMCID: PMC4863553 · source ↗
  7. [07]
    Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD; Ipamorelin 201 Study Group. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the Ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2014;29(12):1527-1534. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00672074)
    doi:10.1007/s00384-014-2030-8 · PMID: 25331030 · source ↗
  8. [08]
    Lau J, Hansen TK, Kruse T, Holst JJ, Madsen K, Ankersen M. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ipamorelin and other peptidyl growth hormone secretagogues with emphasis on nasal absorption. Drug Metabolism and Disposition / pharmacokinetic study. 1999.
    source ↗
  9. [09]
    Mear Y, Enjalbert A, Thirion S. GHS-R1a constitutive activity and its physiological relevance. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2013;7:87.
    doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00087 · PMCID: PMC3665924 · source ↗
  10. [10]
    Ishida J, Saitoh M, Ebner N, Springer J, Anker SD, von Haehling S. Growth hormone secretagogues: history, mechanism of action, and clinical development. JCSM Rapid Communications. 2020;3(1):25-37.
    doi:10.1002/rco2.9 · source ↗
  11. [11]
    Naumovski P, De Spiegeleer B, Wakjira A, et al. Role of Peptides in Skeletal Muscle Wasting: A Scoping Review. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2025;16(6):e70109.
    doi:10.1002/jcsm.70109 · PMCID: PMC12613835 · source ↗
  12. [12]
    Aagaard NK, Andersen K, Dalager-Pedersen S, Gronbaek H, Schmitz O, Vilstrup H, Orskov H. Chronic in vivo Ipamorelin treatment stimulates body weight gain and growth hormone (GH) release in vitro in young female rats. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2009;160(1):23-29.
    doi:10.1530/EJE-08-0608 · source ↗
  13. [13]
    U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. October 29, 2024 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting — Briefing Materials and Vote Outcomes. 2024.
    source ↗
  14. [14]
    U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act — Removal of Ipamorelin Acetate from Category 2 of the Interim 503A Bulks List (effective September 27, 2024). 2024.
    source ↗
  15. [15]
    World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List — Section S2 Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics. 2025 annual edition.
    source ↗
  16. [16]
    Cuypers ML, Tudela E, Pottier I, et al. Metabolism Study of Anamorelin, a GHSR1a Receptor Agonist Potentially Misused in Sport, with Human Hepatocytes and LC-HRMS/MS. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2023.
    PMCID: PMC10456928 · source ↗
  17. [17]
    Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;91(3):799-805.
    doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1536 · PMID: 16352683 · source ↗